石河子大学学报(哲学社会科学版)

人工智能重塑全球制造业的竞争格局、生产模式，人工智能时代制造业的转型升级不仅是技术的突破性发展，更是基于“技术—社会”的全面变革。从政治经济学的理论视角系统分析人工智能时代制造业转型升级的本质，阐明人工智能时代劳动者转变为“人机协作者”、劳动资料的智能化跃迁、劳动对象的变化等，继而分析人工智能驱动制造业的生产关系发生变化，人工智能的发展对劳资关系、就业结构、劳动过程及社会平等产生影响。随着工业互联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能等新一代信息技术与制造业深度融合，智能化“现代产业体系”转型已成为推动我国经济高质量发展、构建新发展格局的关键抓手。从“理论—制度—共建”的角度分析中国智能化“现代产业体系”转型发展的实践探索，实现中国向智能化“现代产业体系”的历史性跨越。

Artificial Intelligence is reshaping the global competitive landscape and production models of manufacturing. The transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in the AI era represents not only a breakthrough in technological development but also a comprehensive transformation based on the“technology-society” nexus. This paper systematically analyzes the essence of the manufacturing industry's transformation in the AI era from the theoretical perspective of political economics. It elucidates the transformation of laborers into “human-machine collaborators,” the intelligent leap in means of labor, and the changes in subjects of labor. Furthermore, it analyzes how AI drives changes in the production relations within manufacturing, impacting capital-labor relations, employment structure, labor process, and social equality. With the deep integration of a new generation of information technologies—such as the Industrial Internet, big data, cloud computing, and AI—with manufacturing, the transition towards an intelligent modern industrial system has become a crucial driver for promoting China's high-quality economic development and constructing a new pattern of development. This paper analyzes the practical exploration of China's transformation and development towards an intelligent modern industrial system from the angles of“theory-institution-co-construction,” aiming to achieve China's historic leap towards an intelligent modern industrial system.